Comparative Federalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparative Federalism - Essay Example The distribution of power among the central and the states is derived from the written constitution. Both forms of the government rule directly over the people. It is also sometimes seen as a compromise between the extreme concentration of power and loose confederation of independent states for governing a variety of people living in a large territory. Similarities and Dissimilarities with India and USA’s Federal Form of Government USA being the largest democratic countries in the world became the Federal republic state in the year 1789 by promulgating its constitution and India on the other hand in the year 1950 by launching its constitution. Smaller states by forming a union got affiliated with the strong central government that came to be called as Federal government in USA and central government in India. Both the countries have a written form of constitution. Secondly, USA has got its bill of rights to protect the fundamental rights of the people and India has guaranteed the fundamental rights in the articles 14 to 34 in part iii. Thirdly both the countries have Federal forms of government at the centre. The law enacted by the centre is much more superior to the law passed by the state. Both the countries have three basic divisions of labor and power in the Federal system of government; they are known as executive, legislature and judiciary. The executive governs the country, legislature enacts law, and the judiciary administers justice. Both the countries have bicameral form of legislature. In USA president is the chief executive head whereas in India prime minister is the head. USA has got the House of Senate and the House of Representatives as the upper and lower house of legislature while India has Rajya sabha and Loksabha as the upper and lower houses. A well organized judiciary is present in both the countries as apex and Supreme Court. Lastly, both the countries have a threat to democracies so the divisions of power are somehow or the other c hecked by the other houses of power. Firstly, USA’s constitution is very rigid and has undergone amendment only 27 times but the Indian constitution on the other hand is very voluminous and flexible has been amended 94 times. In USA all the states have their own constitution while in India all the states follow the Indian constitution. Secondly, USA has the presidential form of government but India has the parliamentary form of government. USA follows the bi-party system whereas India has got multi party system. President of USA can hold his office for only two terms whereas in India nothing as such rule is there. In India, Loksabha or the lower house is much more powerful while in USA the upper house i.e., house of senate is more powerful. A senate member is directly elected whereas in India, Rajyasabha members are indirectly elected. Last but not the least, USA has got the advanced judicial system while India is rapidly developing in its judicial system (Lingam) Possible Re forms for the US Government Adopting from India: India has always followed and encouraged in peace keeping operations but on the other hand USA has tried to maintain peace with the help of machinery and men. India has shown real patience to its rival countries by providing timely help to those in need. It had also undergone friendship agreement with its enemy countries like China & Pakistan, timely help to Bangladesh when Pakistan tried to overtook it. These are the policies which the US government may adopt from India (Schaffer, 73; Kesselman, Krieger and Joseph, 286) Possible Reforms for the Indian Government Adopting from the US Technology transfer is what India can learn from US Federal government. It is quite evident from the history

Reactive extrusion of TPE-E nanocomposites Case Study

Reactive extrusion of TPE-E nanocomposites - Case Study Example It is very difficult to do extrusion blending with TPEE because it has a low melt viscosity and tension. Its melt viscosity and tension can be increased by adding branching agent during polymerization. Even with this increase, it is not sufficient to perform extrusion blowing. There are several attempts, which have been made to increase melt viscosity and tension during extrusion by use of a chain extender during melt polymerization. Reduction of crystallization time through reactive extrusion of PBT with the use of diepoxy group as a chain extender provides a simpler method of getting high molecular weight of PBT than the conventional method of poly-condensation. Researchers acknowledge that multifunctional polymers such as TMP, TME and trimesic acid can be used to produce high molecular weight of PET. There is an effect of the modified m-MDI in the blending process of PET since the increase of m-MDI increases the molecular weight of PET. However the reaction should not be abled to continue for a long time and m-MDI should not be added because there will be crosslinking of the product because of the excessive reaction of isocyanate. This will later affect the ductility of the blend. In a situation where the correct amount of m-MDI is used then the molecular weight of PET is reduced with increasing time of blending. This is because of degradation hydrolytic and isocyanate group. It is very important to complete the process within a short time to avoid degradation. If the time is not enough to complete the process of forming urethane then there will be production of carbon dioxide by unreacted isocyanate groups at the stage of post extrusion. fluoromica pristine clay modified with alkyl-ammoniums (ODTMA) Moreover, the unreacted group of isocyanate might result into undesirable side reaction at the post processing stage (Brown & Alder, Pp 35). Hence, it is very important to ensure that the process is completed and the physical properties are maintained. The best processing parameters for blending m-MDI and TPEE must be found. The current thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPE) is characterized by qualities such as excellent heat resistance, resistant to light, heat-aging resistance, and good in block order retaining ability and low temperature traits. The TPE is made up of hard section, which consists of polyester, which comprises of aromatic dicarboxylic acid and aliphatic or alicyclic diol, and a soft section, which consists of aliphatic polycarbonate as the main ingredient. Through which where the hard and soft section becomes connected, and the melting points of the TPE are arrived at by taking their measurements using a differential scanning calorimeter in three stages. First temperature is raised from room temperature to 3000 C, at a 200 C/min heating rate, then for three minutes maintain temperatures at 3000 C after which lower it to room temperature at a cooling rate of 1000 C/min. (Tm1 – Tm3) obtains the melting point differ ence (Brown, Alder, 65). Materials pTMEG, 1,4-BD, Irganox 1010 and modifies m-MDI, MM103C. In addition, poly (butylene terephthalate) was also used. In addition phenol, together with 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane, CF3COOD and TBT were used without any purification. The inner viscosity of the polymer was determined by use ubbelohde viscometer at 35 degrees (Chang, Pp 54). Usually IV is

Labor laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Labor laws - Essay Example The best means of establishing a regulatory system that could protect employees against exploitation was through via the legal system that has already been established and holds valid authority on such matters. The legal system established a set of labor laws that were meant for this purpose and designed to fight for the â€Å"Average Joe† so to speak. Labor laws can be described as a set of rules that govern the relationship between an employee and their employer and have been designed to act as a baseline of what is expected from both parties (Ewing, McColgan & Collins, 2005). It can be said that these laws exist because frictionless economic efficiency can often operate to the disadvantage of the employed, even to the point of the violation of the basic civil rights of the employed. However, the role and structure of labor laws will have to be examined to determine whether the above statement contains any truth. By taking an in-depth look at the labor laws and role they pla y for both parties (that is, the employer and the employed) one is able to establish the essentiality of the existence of labor laws. Why Labor Laws Exist In order to properly understand the topic of discussion it is important for one to understand why labor laws were introduced into the legal system and the reason for their creation (Selwyn, 2008). There are a number of reasons that one can find for the existence of labor laws and by observing the main ones, one is able to visualize the need for these kind of regulation to be set in place. There can be said to be three main reasons why labor laws exist, these three reasons cover all the parties involved and the main angles that the subject can studied from. They include: 1. Employee Protection Labor laws exist to ensure that individuals working for organizations are not exploited as a result of their inability to stand up for themselves due to the size of the opposition. Labor laws are put in place to ensure that every employee is able to enjoy their basic needs and rights despite their various positions and circumstances and provides a tool that can be wielded against companies that may attempt to mistreat their employees. This can in fact be said to be the main reason behind the emergence of labor laws (Befort & Budd, 2009). The existence of these laws ensures that employees are treated fairly in their place of work and are not bullied by the large organizations in any context or form. The resources and clout that some large organizations hold in the society and business world would have meant that few individuals would have been successful fighting for their rights unless they had an equally influential backing supporting their cause. This backing has been offered by the labor laws that exist in the country (Ewing, McColgan & Collins, 2005). A good example of such protection is seen in excerpts of the existing labor laws such as the issue of Minimum Wage which entails the least amount of money that an indi vidual can be paid for their work (Keshawn & Arn, 2005). This ensures that a company does not exploit individuals in financial trouble by offering them unfair remuneration for the work that they have put in knowing that in some situations some may not have a

Wit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wit - Essay Example Two major types of knowledge emerge in this play. Academic knowledge represented by Vivian, Dr. Kelekian and Dr. Jason gained through proper university education whose actions displays academic elitism between teacher-student and doctor-patient. Humanitarian knowledge gained through interaction. Vivian gained it after interacting with Susie when this nurse was always available during the time when in pain and lonely (69). Academic knowledge bestow on the bearers power and high regard in the society as demonstrated by Vivian’s feeling of helplessness at the hospital compared to the power she wielded over her students at the University. â€Å"Once I did the teaching, now am taught† (37). On the other hand, other forms of knowledge are poorly regarded as Jason asserts this regarding his take on bedside manners as â€Å"colossal waste of time for researchers† (55). The two types of knowledge are related since they complement each other. Vivian realized the significance of human contact when under lots of pain and alone appreciated the role Susie played during this moment. Acquisition of knowledge should not be at the expense of

International strategic marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International strategic marketing - Essay Example With so many companies with plethora of products, the market is merely clattering and when to enter into this market, one must see the background, the existing pleaers and the detailed product preference. In spite of the big names like Perfetti or Nestle, the domestic compatriots are ready to give a run for the money and to optimize the market potentials one must look for an wise approach. Albeit being considered as of inferior quality, the companies like Lebanon’s Gandour, Israel’s Strauss-Elite, and Iran’s Dadash Baradar are on the helm of the affair because of their price competitiveness and the attractive get up strategy. To enter into this market and make the presence felt in a formidable manner needs a shroud market strategy orientation and proper positioning. When each and every player are hell bent in entering a thriving market, when the potential is enormous, it needs to be understand that the milieu can not be free for all type. The thriving market, the proper positioning and a forceful promotion which includes a proper background study in cross cultural environment is the need of the hour. The theories are there to contemplate the situation but in hard reality, one has to be the winner to survive. That is the order of the day and the yardstick of the rule. Back Ground The situation that leads to this hype in the market of confectioners are not created overnight. The social milieu, the other factors are also responsible for the same. Predominantly Muslim population of the said terrain carries a deep rooted of socio cultural condition that is also responsible for this northward posting of the sales graph. The month long festivity during Eid and several other festivals, coupled with the gifting habit had definitely fueled the surge. (2) Apart from that, the diversified choice of customers with different type of liking has opened new vistas to the manufacturers. Not to mention, the deep pockets of the population has given the manufac turers the fullest chance to experiment different conceivable combination in full throttle, resulting a good and holistic growth of the said market. Objectives The objectives of choosing the Middle East Region are to grab the opportunities in both hand. A swelling market with an average GDP growth of around 20 %, the youths and old alike who had developed their affinity towards confectionaries, unlike western countries, where the market is thriving though the anti campaign masquerading as health consciousness etc still persists. The Middle East Positioning The modus operandi of this dissertation is the positioning of a new product into the confectionary market in Middle East. The situation to be dealt in a delicate manner. As per the survey, the No 1 position is being taken in the same field by Nestle followed by Modern Food. The local players, as discussed, have the formidable presence. At this backdrop, these policies are to be implemented- 1. The authority must think of Providing Manufacturing License to the local players. The existing players are indeed interested in this short of arrangement. It will also buffer the tough competitions from the major players abroad like Nestle, Cadbury or Master food for that matter. The lowered tariff rate also plays a major part in amalgamating the

Pizza Delivery and Domino Essay Example for Free

Pizza Delivery and Domino Essay Dominos Pizza, Inc. (NYSE: DPZ) is an international pizza delivery corporation headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1960, Dominos is the second-largest pizza chain in the United States. [1] Dominos currently has nearly 9,000 corporate and franchised stores[2] in 60 international markets[3] and all 50 U. S. states. Dominos Pizza was sold to Bain Capital in 1998 and went public in 2004. Dominos menu features pizza, pasta, oven-baked sandwiches, wings, boneless chicken, salads, breadsticks, cheesesticks, and a variety of dessert items. Management positions at Dominos Pizza distribution centers offer you the opportunity to join a world-class company with: * A competitive salary. * An excellent benefits package. * Opportunity for career growth. Our team leaders are involved in all facets of our business. The work is a combination of administrative and operational responsibilities performed throughout the distribution center. The best candidates are strong yet thoughtful leaders who have the ability to respect their team members and mentor them onto greater career development. If you care about the people who work for you and have the desire to encourage and assist in their career growth, youre the type of leader we look for. What Types of Management Positions Are Available? Our General Manager Development Program is an excellent start to acquiring skills and learning the fundamentals of business operations. In addition to several requirements, it is necessary to work successfully in a team leader position (minimum of six months) to apply for the program. The program is customized for each individual and focuses on the following areas. Food Production Preparing and mixing fresh pizza dough is the responsibility of a production team member. The production team is the secret behind the great-tasting Domino’s Pizza consumers turn to when they’re hungry. If you have the desire to create a top-quality food product every day, then our production department is for you. Commercial Delivery and Service Drivers We look for team members with a commitment to safety and excellent customer service to be part of our Delivery Service team. Delivery Service drivers will drive a truck over an established route to deliver products to Domino’s Pizza stores. When you take the wheel for Domino’s Pizza Distribution, you are the face of our company to our customers. You’re interaction with the stores is crucial to our success. Many drivers build lasting relationships with customers in the fun and supportive family environment of Domino’s Pizza. Warehouse Our warehouse team members ensure that our customers receive each and every product they order, every time they order it. As a warehouse team member, your main responsibility will be to load, unload and move materials within or near the distribution center. You’re the one who makes it happen for us every day and you are an important piece of who we are. n early 2000, Pawan Bhatia (Bhatia), the CEO of Dominos Pizza India (Dominos) was a man in a hurry. Ever since Bhatia took over as the CEO of Dominos in November 1999, he had been frantically reworking the pizza chains India strategy. Bhatia was planning to open 150 new outlets by the end of 2002 covering 23 cities,1 including Bhubaneshwar (Orissa) and Jamshedpur (Bihar). In late 1999, Indocean Chase, the private equity fund bought a 25% stake in Dominos operations in India from the Delhi-based industrial family, the Bhartias, who held Dominos franchise in India. Dominos told investment bankers at the fund that it planned to go in for an initial public offering (IPO) in the next two years. Indocean Chase advised Dominos to go beyond its 16 outlets in Delhi to exploit the potential in the pizza delivery business. Unless a well-thought-out expansion plan was put into place, the IPO was unlikely to find too many takers. As part of its expansion plans Dominos revamped its entire supply chain operations, from sourcing raw materials to shipping them for processing at a central location to delivering it to the customers. Initially, Dominos had a simple model. It had three self-contained commissaries in New Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore which bought their own wheat, tomatoes and other ingredients, processed them, then delivered them in refrigerated trucks to each outlet. However, volumes were expected to increase when Dominos planned to open new outlets. Therefore, the existing model had to be revamped. Bhatia said, Its crucial for us to build a low-cost supply chain operation which takes costs out of the system and in turn gives us greater pricing flexibility in the marketplace. Analysts felt that Dominos had to rethink its supply chain operation because it was the biggest area of costs. Since 75% of Dominos customers ordered either from office or home, it did not have to lease large plots of land in prime locations to attract traffic. Instead, it needed an efficiently managed call centre to bring better returns. In the late 1950s, Dominick De Varti (Varti) owned a small pizza store named DomiNicks Pizza on the Eastern Michigan University campus in Ypsilanti, Michigan. In 1960, two brothers who were students of the University of Michigan – Thomas S. Monaghan (Thomas) and James S. Monaghan (James) – bought the store for US$900. In 1961, James sold his share of business to Thomas. The pizza business did well and by 1965, Thomas was able to open two more stores in the town – Pizza King and Pizza from the Prop. Within a year, Varti opened a pizza store in a neighborhood town with the same name, DomiNicks Pizza. Thomas decided to change the name of his first store, DomiNicks Pizza, and one of his employees suggested the name Dominos Pizza (Dominos). The advantage of this name Thomas felt was that it would be listed after DomiNick in the directory. Dominos philosophy rested on two principles – limited menu and delivering hot and fresh pizzas within half-an-hour. In 1967, it opened the first franchise store in Ypsilanti, and in 1968, a franchise store in Burlington, Vermont. However, the company ran into problems when its headquarters (the first store) and commissary were destroyed by fire. In the early 1970s, the company faced problems again when it was sued by Amstar, the parent company of Domino Sugar for trademark infringement. Thomas started looking for a new name and came up with Red Dominos and Pizzas Dispatch. However, there wasnt any need for it because Dominos won the lawsuit in 1980. In 1982, Dominos Pizza established Dominos Pizza International (DPI) that was made responsible for opening Dominos stores internationally. The first store was opened in Winnipeg, Canada. Within a year, DPI spread to more than 50 countries and in 1983, it inaugurated its 1000th store (Refer Exhibit II for worldwide revenues). Around the same time, new pizza chains like Pizza Hut and Little Caesar established themselves in the US. Dominos Pizza faced intense competition because it had not changed its menu of traditional hand-tossed pizza. The other pizza chains offered low-priced breadsticks, salads and other fast food apart from pizzas.. Analysts felt that Dominos took a cue from McDonalds supply chain model (Refer Box and Exhibit III for McDonalds model). However, they opined that the level of complexity in McDonalds system in India was not as high as that of Dominos. Commented Bhatia, McDonalds operations are not as spread out as ours. They are in four cities while we are in 16. Centralizing wouldnt work on such a geographical scale. Thus in early 2000, Dominos came out with its own logistics model. It began at the point Dominos purchased wheat for making the pizza dough. Dominos first decided the procurement strategy for its key raw materials: wheat, baby corn, tomatoes and spices. For instance, wheat was cheapest in Jalandhars (Punjab) wholesale markets. Dominos refrigerated trucks got the wheat back to the commissary in Delhi. Commissary processed the wheat and prepared the pizza dough. The pizza dough and other items prepared in commissaries were then sent to the retail outlets again in refrigerated trucks. The temperature inside the truck was fixed based on the distance between the retail outlets and the commissaries. This was to set the dough at a particular level when it reached the outlets. The retail outlets had to use up the processed dough within three days of delivery. If they failed to do so for some reason the entire quantity was discarded. To get to Jalandhar, the trucks had to pass Chandigarh. Chandigarh with a cosmopolitan population, was a potential market for Dominos products. Therefore, Dominos opened an outlet there. The cost of entry was low because there was no additional costs incurred on transportation of products

The History Of The Electoral College Politics Essay

The History Of The Electoral College Politics Essay The Electoral College is a body of electors chosen by the political parties in each state to elect the President of the U.S .The Electoral College was created because the Framers were wary of giving the people the power to directly elect the President. They felt the people were not educated enough to elect the national leader. The Founding Fathers established the Electoral College as a compromise between election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote. The presidential election became a collection of state elections, which would result in a national candidate. The Electoral College consists of 538 electors, which are divided up between the states according the number of representatives in the House, plus 2 votes for each of the Senate members. The political parties pick electors for each state. A majority of 270 electoral votes is required to elect the President. Article Two of the Constitution states, Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the States may be entitled in the Congress. (U.S. Constitution,art.2,sec. 2.) Although ballots list the names of the presidential candidates, citizens do not vote for the President directly. People are voting for an elector in the college who, in turn, will vote on the states behalf. These electors votes will decide who the President is, and not necessarily the popular vote. These presidential electors in turn cast electoral votes for the Presidential Candidate. The winner take all system, also known as the plurality voting system, awards all of the Electoral College votes to the winning presidential candidate from each state. In this voting system the single winner is the person with the most votes, there is no requirement that the winner gain an absolute majority of votes. The winner will take all the votes and the loser will get none. For example, all 55 of Californias Electoral votes go to the winner of the popular vote in the state election, even if the margin of victory is only 50.1 percent to 49.9 percent. The Electoral College system plays a role in how Presidential Candidates campaign by making the candidates focuses all their attention on getting electoral votes. Parties focus on the electors because they have to convince the electors to vote for them not so much as the people themselves The parties also concentrate on large states that have more electoral votes than the small states. Big states with the most electoral votes are the key to winning the election so they concentrate their power in them. Most commonly, Presidential candidates also heavily concentrate their attention on a handful of closely divided battleground states, or swing states. These states dont have a lot of electoral votes but still will decide the outcome of the race because they do not favor a particular political party or change their preference each election. In these states, campaigning will have the most impact since a small change in popular votes could result in a big win in electoral votes. Consequently, other states considered either safe or hopelessly lost and are largely ignored in the campaign. In the elections, small states and swing states are overrepresented in the Electoral College while leaving the rest of the nations voters on the sidelines. The Electoral College hinders 3rd party candidates because the 3rd party is over shadowed by the majority vote, so 3rd parties almost never get electoral votes. Winner take all minimizes the influence of third parties. However, this can also deny fair representation to positive 3rd parties. For example if a 3rd party gets 25% of the votes in one state those votes does not matter because of the winner take all majority of the Electoral College. The power of a 3rd party is in spoiling an election by taking votes from one of the major parties that is most like it. To avoid this, major parties may take up causes and ideas from the 3rd party to keep them from becoming too popular. Although, 62% of people said they would change the electoral college system, over the past 200 years over 700 proposals have been introduced in Congress to reform or eliminate the Electoral College, (Office of the Federal Register, Electoral College: Frequently Asked Questions. Archives) but very little has been done to change it. The Electoral College has not been abolished because the small states and swing states would have to give up power and be equal to everyone else. The House of Representatives passed an amendment in 1969, backed by President Richard Nixon, to directly elect the president (niemanwatchdog.org Is it time to do away with the undemocratic Electoral-College system?) But the amendment was blocked in the Senate, in part by Southern senators who opposed any changes they saw as weakening states rights. The Electoral College system can end up putting in office someone who lost the popular vote, which is contrary to democracy. For example the Presidential election in 2000, George Bush won the electoral votes and Al Gore won the popular vote. (Oyez) The fairest solution is to have a Presidential election solely on a popular vote. This will solve the disconnect of the American people and election process. Candidates would need to care about voters across the nation, not just undecided voters in a handful of swing states and the large states. Almost all Americans think that democracy is One Person, One Vote, and all votes are count equally, but The Electoral College violates that fundamental American principle. Some people do not participate in elections because they know that their vote will not matter in the Presidential elections. One Person One Vote means that each person has an equal amount of representation in government. Government should be for the people, not the electors deciding the fate of the country (Annenberg Classroom). Every vote, by everyone, would be relevant and equal in Presidential elections. The election should change from a winner take all system to a proportional system. The winner does not need to reach a majority, just a plurality. The candidates with the most overall percent of votes will win. This will give a stronger chance for 3rd party groups in the elections, by still having their votes count and not be outshined by the two major parties. Another improvement is the use of ranked base voting where voters order the candidates from least preferred to most preferred. To be practical, the top three choices could be chosen. The election is decided by picking everyones top choice and removing the candidate with the least votes. This process is repeated so that candidate is removed and the top preferences are only counted for each elimination round. This allows a voter to pick the candidate they want the most for their top choice followed by a slightly lesser desired candidate. And the third choice could be a main party safety candidate. This allows for a 3rd party candidate to come in and not steal votes away from a similar party. The system has been used in San Francisco since 2004. Its been proposed everywhere from Los Angeles to Modesto, but only the three Alameda County cities have signed on for it. (Williams, Lance California Watch) The Electoral College does not provide a straightforward process for selecting the President. Instead, it can be extraordinarily complex and has the potential to undo the peoples will at many points in the long journey from the selection of electors to counting their votes in Congress, (George Edwards). The government should be for the people and the Electoral College is not since it treats people unequally. Many American people want the Electoral College abolished, but so little has been done to improve the outdated system. It makes the candidates campaign unfairly, making them focusing on swing states and forgetting all other states. The winner takes all system over shadows 3rd parties giving them unfair representation in the elections. The US needs to elect Presidents by popular vote; it is fair to all people. One Person One Vote should be used to ensure equality in voting. The American people should be able to choose their leader as equals. Work Cited Bach, Stanley, and Jack Maskell . Overview of Electoral College Procedure and the Role of Congress . Library of Congress Congressional Research Service. electoralcollegehistory.com, November 17, 2000. Web. 7 Sep 2012. . BUSH v. GORE. Oyez. Oyez, n.d. Web. 7 Sep 2012. . Bush v. Gore United States Supreme Court Oral Arguments. American Rhetoric. americanrhetoric, n.d. Web. 7 Sep 2012. . Edwards III, George C., Martin P. Wattenberg, and Robert L. Lineberry. Government in America People, Politics and Policy. AP 12. Illinois: Pearson Longman, 2006. Print. Edwards III, George C. (2011) (in English). Why the Electoral College is Bad for America (Second edition ed.). New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 1, 37, 61, 176-7, 193-4. ISBN 978-0-300-16649-1. . .Electoral College: Frequently Asked Questions. Archives: The Electoral College. Office of the Federal Register, 9/26/2012. Web. 26 Sep 2012. . . Electoral College (United States). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 18 September 2012 at 19:38.. Web. 26 Sep 2012. Fobes, Richard. VoteFair Ranking. votefair.org. N.p., 13 2012. Web. 13 Dec 2012. . Kimberling, William C.. The Electoral College . The Electoral College . N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Sep 2012. . . Is it time to do away with the undemocratic Electoral-College system?. http://niemanwatchdog.org. N.p., 13 2012. Web. 13 Dec 2012. . Leip, David The Pros and Cons of the Electoral College System. The Electoral College. US Selection Atlas, n.d. Web. 7 Sep 2012. http://uselectionatlas.org/INFORMATION/INFORMATION/electcollege_procon.php Neale, Thomas H. . The Electoral College: How it Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections . Library of Congress Congressional Research Service . electoralcollegehistory.com, July 21, 1999 . Web. . . . One Person, One Vote. Annenberg Classroom. Annenberg Classroom, 02 2001. Web. 13 Dec 2012. . One Person, One Vote. One Person, One Vote. Ciros Books, Inc., 2008. Web. 26 Sep 2012. . . Plurality voting system. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2 September 2012 at 21:36.. Web. 26 Sep 2012. U.S. Constitution,art.2,sec. 2. Williams, Lance. Ranked-choice voting complicates elections. californiawatch.org. California Watch, 13 2012. Web. 13 Dec 2012. .